<article class="align-center"> <img width="605" height="272" alt="Military Ethernet Switch" loading="lazy" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/optimized/public/media/image/2023-12/military_ethernet_switch.png?itok=KERtTANM"> </article> <p><strong>Internet</strong>&nbsp;is a communication protocol for worldwide network (<strong>WAN</strong>&nbsp;= Wide Area Network). Devices are managed through this network on the basis of IP addresses.</p> <p><strong>Ethernet</strong>&nbsp;is a communication protocol for Local Area Network (<strong>LAN</strong>) using same media interfaces (mainly RJ45 or fiber). LAN are independent networks but may be linked within a WAN through Internet devices such as Routers.</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">our Technical Support team</a>.&nbsp;<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog</a>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>SNMP</strong>&nbsp;(Simple Network Management Protocol) and&nbsp;<strong>RMON</strong>&nbsp;(Remote Monitoring) provide a means to monitor and manage your network. Each SNMP device maintains Management Information Bases (<strong>MIB</strong>s) containing information about the operation and configuration of the device.</p> <p>Each MIB contains a variety of information such as:</p> <ul> <li>Information about the switch as a system: name, description, physical location;&nbsp;</li> <li>VLAN&nbsp;</li> <li>IGMP&nbsp;</li> <li>statistics&nbsp;</li> <li>and much more.</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a></p>

<p>The&nbsp;<strong>mirroring feature </strong>is ideal for performing diagnostics by allowing traffic that is being sent to and received from one or more source ports to be replicated out a monitoring/target port.&nbsp;<br>Port mirroring is available both with managed switches and Ring switches.&nbsp;<br>Data is monitoring with a network monitor software.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;">If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a><o:p></o:p></p>

<p><strong>VLAN</strong>&nbsp;can&nbsp;<strong>segregate traffic</strong>&nbsp;flowing through a switch to improve bandwidth utilization or security. Segregation is done based on membership in a group of ports (port-based VLANs) or on IEEE 802.1Q tags which include a VLAN ID (tag-based VLANs).</p> <p>A&nbsp;<strong>port-based VLAN</strong>&nbsp;limits traffic coming in a port to the group of ports to which that port belongs. For example, if ports 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were placed in a port-based VLAN, broadcast frames coming in port 3 would be sent to ports 1, 5, 7, and 9 (which are members of port 3&#39;s VLAN) but not to ports 2, 4, 6, and 8 (which are not members).</p> <p>A&nbsp;<strong>tag-based VLAN</strong>&nbsp;limits traffic based on the VLAN ID in a &#39;tag&#39; associated with the frame. VLAN tags may be explicitly placed in frames by applications or switching equipment, or implicitly assigned to frames based on the switch port where they arrive.</p> <p>The VLAN feature is available on our managed switches.</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team.</a><br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a></p> <p><o:p></o:p></p>

<p>The recommended method for accessing the switch is using a Web User Interface such as Internet Explorer.<br>This method is very simple. Just be careful by configuring the network parameters. Refer to the Managed Software user manual for details.</p> <p>Some models may also be accessed with a serial connection or also with a Telnet connection.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;">If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a><o:p></o:p></p>

<p><strong>IGMP</strong>&nbsp;(Internet Group Management Protocol) allows hosts and routers to work together to optimize forwarding of&nbsp;<strong>multicast traffic</strong>&nbsp;on a network.&nbsp;<br><u>Without IGMP</u>, all multicast packets must be forwarded to all network segments.&nbsp;<br><u>With IGMP</u>, multicast traffic is only forwarded to network segments, which connect interested hosts.</p> <p>An<strong>&nbsp;IGMP snooping switch</strong>&nbsp;performs many of the functions of an IGMP router.&nbsp;<br>Periodically, routers and IGMP snooping switches in active mode send an IGMP Query on each attached network. (The query interval is generally around 1-2 minutes.)</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a></p>

<p>The<strong>&nbsp;IP address</strong>&nbsp;(Internet Protocol) is the&nbsp;<strong>unique identifier of each device within a network.&nbsp;</strong><br>The IP Address of both source and destination device is included in each IP message.&nbsp;<br>They indicate the source and the destination where IP packets shall go.</p> <p>An IP address consists of four bytes (for example 192.10.0.5). IP addresses are divided into two parts:</p> <ul> <li>a network part&nbsp;</li> <li>a computer part</li> </ul> <p>It may be manualy or automaticaly (<strong>DHCP</strong>) assigned by a server device such as a server, or even a managed Ethernet switch.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team.</a><br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a></p>

<p><strong>MAC&nbsp;</strong>= Media Access Control&nbsp;<br>Each Ethernet device has an assigned&nbsp;unique MAC address. This MAC address corresponds to the hardware unique name of the product. It may be compared with the DNA of a human.&nbsp;<br>This address is fixed during production by the manufacturer and can’t be changed.</p> <p>Each Ethernet device inserts its unique “MAC” address into each message it sends out. The port on the switch used for a given MAC address is automatically learned when a frame is received from that address. Once an address is learned, the switch will route messages to only the appropriate port, instead of broadcasting messages out all ports like a hub. A time stamp is also placed in memory when a new address is learned. This time stamp is used with the aging feature, which will remove unused MAC addresses from the table after 300 seconds. If a device moves, the associated port on the switch will be changed (migrated) as needed.</p> <p>In most switches, up to 2,048 MAC addresses can be stored and monitored at any time.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a><br>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;"><o:p></o:p></p>

<p>An&nbsp;<strong>IP frame</strong>&nbsp;contains several information such as:</p> <ul> <li>The destination IP and MAC address&nbsp;</li> <li>The source IP and MAC address The type of protocol used (TCP, UDP and others)&nbsp;</li> <li>The length of the message Encryption data VLAN tags and much more</li> </ul> <p><br><strong>What is Flow Control?</strong></p> <p>Devices use&nbsp;flow control&nbsp;to ensure that the receiving device takes in all the data without error. If the transmitting device sends at a faster rate than the receiving device, then the receiving device will eventually have its buffer full. No further information can be taken when the buffer is full, so a flow control signal is sent to the transmitting device to temporarily stop the flow of incoming data.&nbsp;<br>For each port, Flow Control can be enabled or disabled.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Military Ethernet Switches - What is the difference between Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast messages?</strong></p> <p><strong>Broadcast messages</strong>&nbsp;are sent to&nbsp;all stations&nbsp;in the network.&nbsp;<br>Whereas an&nbsp;<strong>unicast message</strong>&nbsp;is only sent to&nbsp;one station&nbsp;on the network.&nbsp;<br><strong>Multicast messages</strong>&nbsp;are sent to a&nbsp;group of stations, for example video cameras type. Using multicast allows the building of distribution networks, which are suitable for&nbsp;video&nbsp;monitoring or television transmissions over the Internet, i.e. information with one sender and many receivers.&nbsp;<br>IPv4 addresses as 255.255.255.255 or 192.168.0.255 are BROADCAST IP addresses.&nbsp;<br>IPv4 addresses from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 are MULTICAST IP addresses.&nbsp;<br>Learn more about our Rugged Ethernet Switches by clicking&nbsp;<a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">HERE</a></p> <p><strong>What means Auto-MDI/MDIX-Crossover?</strong></p> <p><strong>MDI&nbsp;</strong>= Media Device Interface&nbsp;<br>The RJ45 (copper) ports on the switch will automatically detect the cable type (straight-thru vs. cross-wired) and re-configure themselves accordingly.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog.</a><br>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as&nbsp;<strong>TCP/IP</strong>) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.&nbsp;<br>It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.<br>The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the:</p> <ul> <li>Link Layer (2)&nbsp;</li> <li>Internet Layer (3)&nbsp;</li> <li>Transport Layer (4)&nbsp;</li> <li>Application Layer (7)&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>

<article class="align-center"> <img width="605" height="98" alt="OSI Layers" loading="lazy" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/optimized/public/media/image/2023-12/osi_layers.png?itok=Mw4JyX2O"> </article> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><br><br>What are the OSI layers? For many years the&nbsp;<strong>OSI model</strong>&nbsp;(Open Systems Interconnection Model) has described the layers of information in a network, particularly the low-level transport mechanisms. From top to bottom, these are the layers and how these layers relate to your product design.&nbsp;<br>Ethernet is physical layers: layers 1 and 2.&nbsp;<strong>TCP/IP</strong>&nbsp;(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is a protocol, not a network, and uses layers 3 and 4.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><br><o:p></o:p></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-irow:0;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Layer &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Function &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Example</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">7 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Application&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Meaning of data</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">HTTP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">6</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Presentation</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Building blocks of data and encryption</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">5</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Session</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Opening and closing of specific communication paths</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">4</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Transport</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Error checking</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">TCP, UDP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">3</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Network</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Determination of data paths</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">IP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">2</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Data link</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Data transmission, source, destination</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Ethernet</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">1</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Physical</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Voltage levels, signal connections, wire, or fiber</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">RJ45, fibre optique</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>A comparison with the ISO layers&nbsp;</strong><br>Let’s compare the OSI layers with a road. A man go from office to home with a taxi on the motorway.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Layer 1 (physical layer)</strong>&nbsp;= The roads&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 2 (Data link)</strong>&nbsp;= Source is the office; destination is home.&nbsp;<br>The MAC address is the unique registration number of the car.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 3 (Network)</strong>&nbsp;= Determination of the correct road to take; the IP address is the street address. Same address may be found in several towns.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 4 (Transport)</strong>&nbsp;= Error checking: is the destination correct?</li> <li><strong>Layer 5 (Session)</strong>&nbsp;= pay fare; handshake between source and destination&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 6 (Presentation)</strong>&nbsp;= The taxi is one of many on the road – 1 message in the datastream&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 7 (Application)</strong>&nbsp;= What is the purpose of travel? The passenger in the taxi is the purpose of the message, which also includes the source and destination information&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team.</a><br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog</a>.<br><br><o:p></o:p></p>