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<p>The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as&nbsp;<strong>TCP/IP</strong>) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.&nbsp;<br>It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.<br>The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the:</p> <ul> <li>Link Layer (2)&nbsp;</li> <li>Internet Layer (3)&nbsp;</li> <li>Transport Layer (4)&nbsp;</li> <li>Application Layer (7)&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team</a>.<br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<article class="align-center"> <img width="605" height="98" alt="OSI Layers" loading="lazy" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/optimized/public/media/image/2023-12/osi_layers.png?itok=Mw4JyX2O"> </article> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><br><br>What are the OSI layers? For many years the&nbsp;<strong>OSI model</strong>&nbsp;(Open Systems Interconnection Model) has described the layers of information in a network, particularly the low-level transport mechanisms. From top to bottom, these are the layers and how these layers relate to your product design.&nbsp;<br>Ethernet is physical layers: layers 1 and 2.&nbsp;<strong>TCP/IP</strong>&nbsp;(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is a protocol, not a network, and uses layers 3 and 4.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><br><o:p></o:p></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-irow:0;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Layer &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Function &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR"><strong>Example</strong></span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">7 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Application&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Meaning of data</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">HTTP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">6</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Presentation</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Building blocks of data and encryption</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">5</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Session</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Opening and closing of specific communication paths</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">4</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Transport</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Error checking</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">TCP, UDP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">3</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Network</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Determination of data paths</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">IP</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">2</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Data link</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Data transmission, source, destination</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Ethernet</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">1</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">Physical</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="EN-US">Voltage levels, signal connections, wire, or fiber</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"> <p class="text-align-justify MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;margin-bottom:0cm;"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:FR;" lang="FR">RJ45, fibre optique</span><o:p></o:p></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>A comparison with the ISO layers&nbsp;</strong><br>Let’s compare the OSI layers with a road. A man go from office to home with a taxi on the motorway.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Layer 1 (physical layer)</strong>&nbsp;= The roads&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 2 (Data link)</strong>&nbsp;= Source is the office; destination is home.&nbsp;<br>The MAC address is the unique registration number of the car.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 3 (Network)</strong>&nbsp;= Determination of the correct road to take; the IP address is the street address. Same address may be found in several towns.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 4 (Transport)</strong>&nbsp;= Error checking: is the destination correct?</li> <li><strong>Layer 5 (Session)</strong>&nbsp;= pay fare; handshake between source and destination&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 6 (Presentation)</strong>&nbsp;= The taxi is one of many on the road – 1 message in the datastream&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Layer 7 (Application)</strong>&nbsp;= What is the purpose of travel? The passenger in the taxi is the purpose of the message, which also includes the source and destination information&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions about our Ethernet Switch and Media Converter, contact our <a href="https://support.amphenol-socapex.com/hc/en-gb/requests/new" target="_blank">Technical Support team.</a><br>More information on <a href="https://online.flippingbook.com/view/763483120/" target="_blank">Rugged Ethernet Switch &amp; Media Converters catalog</a>.<br><br><o:p></o:p></p>